Systematic review of the economic evaluation of influenza vaccines in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To systematically analyze the status of health economic evaluation studies of influenza vaccination in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area （GBA） of China， and to provide a methodological reference for future scholars to carry out economic evaluations of influenza vaccine in GBA. METHODS Seven English databases such as PubMed and Embase and three Chinese databases such as CNKI and Wanfang database were searched. The economic evaluation studies of influenza vaccines with the study area of GBA were collected. The search time frame was from the inception to June 30， 2022. After screening the literature and extracting key information， descriptive analysis was conducted on the study design， evaluation methods， model settings， results and conclusions of these collected papers， and the quality of the papers was evaluated using Quality of Health Economic Studies. RESULTS A total of 12 papers were included， of which 7 had a study region of Hong Kong in China， 6 had an older target group， 5 had a society-wide perspective， and the study time frame ranged from 6 months to 9 years. Besides， 8 papers used cost-utility analysis， only 2 used an epidemic model； 8 papers conducted sensitivity analyses， and most of them conducted both one-way sensitivity analysis and probabilistic sensitivity analysis. Moreover， the results of the economic evaluation of 10 papers showed that （combined） vaccination or increased vaccination rates were more economical. In addition， 4 of the 12 papers had a quality score＞75， which were considered high-quality studies. CONCLUSIONS Although most of the included studies showed that vaccination was economical， the quality of the existing paper needed to be improved. It is recommended that subsequent studies on the economic evaluation of influenza vaccines in GBA may consider adding economic evaluations for Macau and other cities in Guangdong of China， prioritizing dynamic models and recent data from local residents， and referring to relevant tools and guidelines to improve thestandardization and scientificity of the study design.

Species distribution and antifungal susceptibility of fungi originating from positive blood cultures in Guangdong, 2019-2021 / 中国热带医学

@#Abstract: Objective　To investigate the species distribution and the antifungal susceptibility of fungi originating from positive blood cultures in Guangdong, so as to provide a basis for the rational use of antifungal drugs in clinical fungal bloodstream infections. Methods All data were collected for retrospective study from monitoring units of the Guangdong Fungal Disease Surveillance Network between 2019-2021, including clinical characteristics, species distribution and antifungal susceptibility. Results A total of 3 589 fungi strains were isolated, most of which were Candida spp. (86.5%, 3 105/3 589). The most common species was Candida albicans (36.6%, 1 315/3 589), followed by Candida tropicalis (17.4%, 1 626/3 589) and Candida parapsilosis (14.5%, 520/3 589). There were 42.1%(1 512/3 589) of strains isolated from ICU. The proportions of Candida albicans strains were 40.0%-50.0% among ICU, general surgery, organ transplantation and emergency department. Candida tropicalis (60.0%, 144/240) was the most common species in hematology department. Both Cryptococcus neoformans (35.4%, 69/195) and Talaromyces marneffei (35.9%,70/195) were common in infection department. All of the Candida isolates were of wild-type (WT) phenotype to amphotericin B. Resistance rates of caspofungin and micafungin for Candida spp. ranged from 0.0% to 4.2%. The resistance rates of Candida tropicalis to fluconazole and voriconazole were 42.3% and 38.9%, which were significantly higher than other common Candida spp. The cryptococcus neoformans strains were totally of WT phenotype to fluconazole and voriconazole. Conclusions Candida albicans is the most common species originating from positive blood cultures in Guangdong Province. Common Candida strains are highly sensitive to echinocandins and amphotericin B. Candida tropicalis has a high resistance rate to triazole drugs.

Investigation and study on pharmaceutical care ability of retail chain pharmacies and licensed pharmacists in Guangdong province / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To provide reference for strengthening the quality of pharmaceutical care in retail chain pharmacies and the professional capabilities of licensed pharmacists， and to meet the public’s pharmaceutical care needs. METHODS A combination of questionnaire survey and informant interview was used to investigate the general information of licensed pharmacists in retail chain pharmacies in Guangdong province， the implementation of pharmaceutical care， the competence and knowledge status of the surveyed licensed pharmacists， and the factors affecting the development of pharmaceutical care. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS A total of 444 questionnaires were sent out and 326 effective questionnaires were collected， with an effective recovery rate of 73.42%. Among 326 surveyed licensed pharmacists， a college degree or higher accounted for 40.18%， and the pharmacy major or related accounted for 79.75%. A total of 185 （56.75%） of the surveyed licensed pharmacists indicated that the retail chain pharmacies where they worked had established specified areas of pharmaceutical care； 320 （98.16%）， 137 （42.02%） and 181 （55.52%） of the surveyed licensed pharmacists indicated that the retail chain pharmacies where they worked could provide services such as rational medication guidance for patients， decocting traditional Chinese medicines and establishing health records， etc. The self-assessment scores of the surveyed licensed pharmacists were significantly higher than 3 （median） for competence and knowledge level， but the self-assessment scores for medication therapy management competence and pharmaceutical care practice were relatively low. The surveyed licensed pharmacists believed that the main factors affecting the development of pharmaceutical care in retail chain pharmacies included patients’ lack of trust or cooperation （196， 60.12%）， sales performance requirements （170， 52.15%）， and heavy daily workload （165， 50.61%）. It is recommended that relevant authorities expedite the legislative process of the Pharmacist Law， optimize the continuing education system for licensed pharmacists， and implement a star-rating evaluation system for pharmaceutical care capabilities in pharmacies， so as to encourage retail chain pharmacies and licensed pharmacists to pursue a more specialized development path. At the same time， pharmaceutical retail chain enterprises should shift their business mindset， increase investment in pharmaceutical care， enhance the professional atmosphere in the pharmacies， optimize the compensation structure for licensed pharmacists， and elevate the pharmaceutical care capabilities of both the pharmacies and licensed pharmacists to fulfill the pharmaceutical care needs of the public.

Analysis of drug use in medical institutions of Guangdong area during 2017-2022 / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To analyze the situation of drug use in medical institutions of Guangdong area from 2017 to 2022， and to provide reference for the production， sale and procurement of drugs by government departments， medical insurance departments， pharmaceutical enterprises， drug sales enterprises and hospitals. METHODS Using the retrospective analysis method， based on original data from Guangdong hospital information network from 2017 to 2022， statistical analysis was conducted on the drug procurement amount of 118 medical institutions that had been online for the past 6 years， as well as the distribution of 14 major categories of drugs among all purchased drugs by online medical institutions， and sales amount of drug production enterprises. RESULTS The drug procurement amount of 118 medical institutions that had been online in Guangdong area from 2017 to 2022 showed a growth-negative growth-slow growth trend. Among the 14 major categories of drugs， the top 5 drugs in the list of consumption sum were anti-infective drugs， cardiovascular drugs， nervous system drugs， anti-tumor drugs， and digestive system drugs； among the top 200 drugs in terms of procurement amount， three major categories of drugs， namely the anti-infective drugs， anti-tumor drugs and cardiovascular system drugs， occupied the main position. The top 10 drugs in the list of procurement amounts were mainly anti-tumor drugs and cardiovascular system drugs； foreign manufacturers occupied the top 3 places in the list of sales amounts in medical institutions of Guangdong area. CONCLUSIONS In Guangdong area， the growth of drug procurement amount in medical institutions is gradually slowing down， the usage of anti-infective drugs is still abundant， the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases need great attention， and foreign pharmaceutical companies are in a leading position in the sales amount of medical institutions.

The teachers′ experience of nursing practice teaching collaboration between Guangdong and Macao under the background of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area / 中国实用护理杂志

Objective:To explore the experience of teachers from Guangdong and Macao in nursing teaching cooperation, the existing problems in current teaching cooperation and suggestions for improvement.Methods:From January to April 2021, using descriptive qualitative method to conduct in-depth among eight clinical tutors from The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University who teach Macao nursing students, and four teachers from Kiang Wu Nursing College of Macao using the purposive sampling method. And adopted content analysis for data analysis.Results:A total of 4 themes and 2 sub-themes were analyzed: the positive impact of cross-border teaching cooperation projects including developed the nursing business of the two places and deepened the cooperative relationship between the two places; limiting the depth and breadth of knowledge transfer because of the short cross-border learning time; the imbalance between students′ abilities and teachers′ expectations; expectations for homogeneous internships for heterogeneous groups.Conclusions:Cross-border nursing teaching cooperation is an important promoter for the development of nursing education between Guangdong and Macao, but there are still deficiencies in cooperation, and it is necessary for the two places to strengthen the construction of a sharing platform for teaching resources to promote the development of nursing education in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

Epidemiology of Sports-Related Sudden Death in Guangdong Province / 法医学杂志

OBJECTIVES@#By retrospective study of the epidemiological characteristics of sports-related sudden death (SrSD), the risk factors associated with SrSD were analyzed and explored to provide a scientific basis for comprehensive prevention and treatment of SrSD.@*METHODS@#The personal information (sex, age, occupation, etc.), case information (time, place, type of sports, relative time between SrSD occurrence and exercise, etc.), death related information (sign or prodrome, medical history and surgical history, etc.), rescue situation (witnesses, on-site assistance, the availability of paramedics, etc.) of 374 SrSD cases in Guangdong Province from 2017 to 2021 were collected. Statistical analysis was conducted aiming at the key factors.@*RESULTS@#In the 374 cases, there were significantly more males than females (19.78:1); the number of people aged between >39 and 59 was the largest (151, 40.37%); non-manual workers (68.98%) were more than manual workers; the top three sports with the highest number cases were basketball (34.49%), running (19.52%) and badminton (12.03%); from 3 pm to 9 pm (63.10%) was the time period with the highest incidence of events; sudden death mainly occurred during exercise (75.27%) and within 1 h after exercise (20.05%); the on-site rescue rate was very low (6.15%); the rate of autopsies was extremely low (1.07%); sudden cardiac death was the most common cause (67.11%).@*CONCLUSIONS@#SrSD is most common in males aged >39 to 59 years old, mostly in non-manual workers, and usually occurs in basketball and running. Sudden death is more likely to occur during exercise and within 1 h after exercise. Therefore, the above potential risk factors should be focused on and studied in daily comprehensive prevention and treatment to provide scientific basis for accurate prevention and first aid of such sudden death.

Clinical features of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 Delta variant infection and abnormal liver function in Guangdong Province, China / 临床肝胆病杂志

Objective To investigate the clinical features of patients with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Delta variant infection and abnormal liver function in Guangdong Province, China. Methods The patients with SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant infection who belonged to the same chain of transmission in Guangdong Province (Guangzhou and Foshan) and were admitted to Guangzhou Eighth People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University from May 21 to June 18, 2021 were enrolled in this study, and the judgment criteria for liver function were alanine aminotransferase (male/female) > 50/40 U/L, aspartate aminotransferase > 40 U/L, total bilirubin > 26 μmol/L, gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase > 60 U/L, and alkaline phosphatase (ALK) > 125 U/L. Abnormality in any one item of the above criteria was defined as abnormal liver function, and such patients were included in analysis (the patients, aged < 18 years, who had a mild or moderate increase in ALP alone were not included in analysis). Clinical data were compared between the patients with normal liver function and those with abnormal liver function, and the etiology and prognosis of abnormal liver function were analyzed. The Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison of continuous data between two groups; the chi-square test was used for comparison of categorical data between two groups. Results Among the 166 patients with SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant infection, 32 (19.3%) had abnormal liver function with mild-to-moderate increases in liver function parameters, and compared with the normal liver function group, the abnormal liver function group had a significantly higher proportion of critical patients ( χ 2 =38.689, P < 0.001) and significantly higher age and inflammatory cytokines [C-reactive protein type, serum amyloid A, and interleukin-6 (IL-6)](all P < 0.05). Among the 32 patients with abnormal liver function, 13 patients had abnormal liver function on admission (defined as primary group), while 19 patients had normal liver function on admission but were found to have abnormal liver function by reexamination after treatment (defined as secondary group). For the primary group, the evidence of abnormal liver function was not found for 3 patients (3/13, 23.1%), and the possibility of toxic liver injury directly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection was considered. Among the 19 patients in the secondary group, 9 (47.4%) had mild/common type and 10 (52.6%) had critical type, and all critical patients had the evidence of liver injury indirectly caused by the significant increases in C-reactive protein type, serum amyloid A, and IL-6 and hypoxemia; the evidence of abnormal liver function was not found for only 1 patient (1/19, 5.3%), and the possibility of toxic liver injury directly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection was considered. All 32 patients with abnormal liver function had [JP2]significant reductions in liver function parameters after treatment including liver protection. Conclusion As for the patients with SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant infection who belong to the same chain of transmission in Guangdong Province, the critical patients show a significantly higher proportion of patients with abnormal liver function than the patients with other clinical types, and other factors except SARS-CoV-2 infection and indirect injury caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection are the main cause of liver injury.

HCV evolution and positive selection sites of HCV NS5B region among intravenous drug users in Guangdong / 中国输血杂志

【Objective】 To learn the situation of the evolution process of HCV virus population and the selection pressure of HCV NS5B in intravenous drug users (IDUs) in Guangdong. 【Methods】 141 blood samples from hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA-positive blood donors and 58 from HCV patients in Guangdong were randomly collected for HCV NS5B sequence amplification, combined with HCV NS5B sequences from blood donors and IDUs obtained by sequencing previously(between 2009 and 2011). Homology analysis was performed by Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis (MEGA) software, evolutionary analysis were performed by Bayesian Evolutionary Analysis Sampling Trees (BEAST) software package. Selection pressure analysis was performed on sequences isolated from IDUs by Datamonkey online software package with Mixed Effects Model Evolution (MEME) method, and the population expansion of species were analyzed using Tajima and Fu neutrality test by Arlequin software. 【Results】 The comparison results of internal homology among different subtypes of IDUs in this group were as follows : HCV-3b had the highest homology (97%), followed by HCV-3a (96%), HCV-6a (95%) and HCV-1b (94%); HCV evolution rate analysis showed that HCV-1b had the fastest evolution rate [2.17E-03 substitutions/site/year (y/y/y)], followed by HCV-3b (2.12E-0 y/y/y), HCV-3a (1.58E-03 y/y/y) and HCV-6a (1.28E-03 y/y/y). The analysis on effective population of HCV: 1980~1990 was rapid growth period for HCV-6a, 1990~1995 period for HCV-1b, and 2000~2007 period for HCV-3a. HCV population genetic characteristics was as follows: HCV-1b, 3a, 3b and 6a experienced population expansion, among which 3a and 3b were the most obvious. As to the analysis of HCV selection pressure, two positive selection sites (235 and 243)were found in the 339 nucleotide fragment of the NS5B sequence in injecting drug users, but mutation only occurred at position 316 [mutation rate 1.24% (14/1 130)] among 5 direct antiviral drug (DAA) sites in this gene. 【Conclusion】 The evolution of HCV-3b in Guangdong has showed an obvious trend of population expansion, with a high proportion and homology especially in the local IDUs. HCV-3b should be the focus of HCV prevention and control in this region. Given that the positively selected sites of the HCV NS5B gene region of IDUs in Guangdong are non-DAA binding sites, DAA is expected to demonstrate a good effect on these patients.

CHINA PH ARMACY Volume 33，Number 4，February 28，2022 Semimonthly Table of Contents Empirical study on the influential factors of the drug complaint and reportin g system in China / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE To improve the drug complaint and reporting system in China ，and to provide reference for improving the social multi-component governance level of the drug safety. METHODS Taking Guangdong province as an example ， literature review ，questionnaire survey ，structural equation model and other methods were used to analyze influential factors of the drug complaint and reporting system ，such as “Internet+”approach，drug quality ，specialized drug knowledge ，complaint and reporting procedures ，complaint and reporting methods ，complaint and reporting motivation ，governmental reward ，administrative review or litigation. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS A total of 3 375 questionnaires were received ，all of which were valid ；the vast majority of respondents lived in Guangdong province. The results of the empirical analysis of the influential factors of drug complaint and reporting system showed that the path coefficients of “Internet + ”approach and specialized drug knowledge ， complaint and reporting procedures ，complaint and reporting methods were all greater than 0.9，indicating“Internet+”promoted the transformation of the way and behavior of complaint and reporting. It is suggested that the design of the drug complaint and reporting system should not only attract the public to participate in drug complaint and reporting ，but also cultivate the public ’s management capacity through the approach of internet ， standardize professional anti-counterfeiting behavior ， promote the institutional reform of “digital government ”，and appropriately adjust the work responsibilities of drug regulatory department ，so as to reduce the number of drug complaint and reporting in China ，and optimize the drug safety governance system.

Research on the construction and application of the " four virtues" project of strengthening Party construction in public hospitals / 中华医院管理杂志

In the new era, enhanced Party construction of public hospitals is the fundamental assurance for the success of Healthy China strategy. Based on field survey, in-depth interview, literature review and promotion of pilot practices, the Hospital Party Construction Guidance Committee of Guangdong Province staged a " Four Virtues" program to enhance Party construction at public hospitals in the healthcare system of the province. This program, featuring " leadership competency" , " Party branch capability" , " Party construction branding" , and " Unit showcases" , aims at the limited implementation and homogenization problems commonly found in Party construction at public hospitals. Promotion of successful pilot practices of several public hospitals effectively encouraged the " parallel development" of both medical service and Party construction, providing useful references for the hospitals in their reform/development and Party construction in the new era.

Investigation and analysis of an outbreak of brucellosis in Guangdong rural areas in 2015 / 上海预防医学

Objective:To investigate a foodborne brucellosis outbreak in a county in Guangdong Province in 2015， which may provide suggestions for the prevention and control of similar incidents. Methods:Case search was carried out by visiting cases， accessing the hospital medical record system， and collecting the registration information of rural health stations， and the results were described and analyzed. Results:A total of 169 cases were found， with an attack rate of 2.0‰ （169/85 000）. The onset time of the cases was from January 19 to June 2， 2015， showing a continuous and homogenous outbreak pattern. The clinical manifestations of the cases were fever （72%）， fatigue （40%）， hyperhidrosis （26%）， testicular enlargement （5.3%）， headache （2.4%）， and hepatomegaly （1.2%）. In addition， 54 cases of latent infection were found. A total of 13 strains of brucella ovis type 3 were cultured from the patients’ serum samples. After all sheep in the farm were sampled， 16 samples of serum test tube agglutination test were positive， with a positive rate of 37% （16/44）； after analysis， drinking fresh goat milk was a risk factor for brucellosis （OR=36.25， 95%CI： 4.68-280.73）， and there was a dose-response relationship between infection and milk drinking （χ2=27.00， P<0.05）. Conclusion:The brucellosis outbreak was caused by patients who drank unboiled goat milk contaminated with Brucella ovine type 3. People are recommended to drink qualified and sterilized goat milk. Relevant government departments should strengthen the monitoring of goat selling and goat milk production.

Research on Optimization of Drug Supervision Strategy of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area Based on Tripartite Evolutionary Game / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for improving the mechanism of drug supervision in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. METHODS ：Based on the evolutionary game theory ，the stakeholders of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in the stage of drug safety supervision were identified ；the evolutionary game model was established so as to obtain the behavioral selection and evolutionary stability strategy of the each party through and put forward the suggestions for improving the mechanism of drug supervision in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS：Based on evolutionary game theory ，the three-party evolutionary game model of drug administration ，drug inspection and manufacturing enterprises was established. According to the model established in this study ，it could be concluded that：when the compliance cost of the production enterprise was less than the sum of the violation cost and the bribery cost minus the additional income ，or less than the sum of violation cost and punishment and reputation lossminus the additional income ，the manufacturing enterprises could achieve the equilibrium state of compliance production ；the supervision probability was inversely proportional to the supervision cost ，and strict inspection was inversely proportional to inspection cost ；compliance productivity rate and strict detection rate were in direct proportion to the intensity of supervision and penalties ；the higher the supervision probability was，the higher the strict detection rate was ，and the compliance productivity would gradually increase. It is proposed to link enterprise information files ，lay the foundation of four party cogovernance ；introduce the “cost-benefit”supervision system ，make reasonable use of the third-party inspection institutions ；clarify the boundary of personnel responsibility ，and use the intelligent system for real-time supervision so as to promote the improvement of drug safety supervision in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Ba y Area.

Molecular Spectrum of α- and β-Thalassemia among Young Individuals of Marriageable Age in Guangdong Province, China / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

Thalassemia is a group of genetically heterogeneous diseases characterized by hemolytic anemia. To investigate molecular characteristics of α- and β-thalassemia among young individuals of marriageable age in Guangdong Province, 24,788 subjects with suspected thalassemia were genetically tested for α- and β-thalassemia by Gap-PCR and reverse dot blot during 2018-2019. For suspected rare thalassemia cases, DNA sequencing was performed to identify rare and unknown thalassemia gene mutations. A total of 14,346 thalassemia carriers were detected, including 7,556 cases of α-thalassemia with 25 genotypes and 8 α-gene mutations identified, 5,860 cases of β-thalassemia with 18 genotypes and 18 β-gene mutations identified, and 930 cases of compound α/β-thalassemia. Among them, the frequency of --

Analysis and Suggestions on the Development of Biomedical Industry in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To provide reference for furthe r promoting the high-quality development of the biomedical industry in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area. METHODS ：Through summarizing the development status and development environment of the biomedical industry in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area ，the construction experience of foreign advanced biomedical industrial park was introduced ，and the problems and challenges faced by the biomedical industry in the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area were sorted out so as to put forward relevant countermeasures and suggestions. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area has received multiple policy support，which is conducive to the development of biomedical industry. The industrial chain is complete ，and the scale advantage of biological industry is showing day by day. Biological industry has achieved fruitful innovation achievement ，and its R&D investment is in the leading position in the country. The pharmaceutical manufacturing industry is developed and the total amount of medical resources is large. The financial advantages are obvious ，and institutional innovation is conducive to the development of biomedical industry. The process of internationalization takes the leading place ，which is conducive to continuously promoting foreign cooperation. However ，compared with foreign advanced biomedical industrial parks ，Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area still has some deficiencies in management mode ，service mode and “industry-university-institute”cooperation. It also faces the following problems that the legal systems and industry norms of the three places need to be further connected ；there is a talent gap ；the industrial chain is not perfect ；the support for new drug R&D is insufficient ；the“industry-university-institute” cooperation needs to be strengthened ；the level of financial support needs to be improved. Accordingly ，it is recommended to break down institutional barriers ，and promote the connection between the legal system and industry norms ；innovate talent policies ，and continue to attract excellent R&D talents ；introduce leading companies ，and improve the industrial chain ；open up clinical trial channels and promote the transformation efficiency of scientific research achievements ；strengthen“industry-university-institute” cooperation，and promote the improvement of biomedical innovation ability ；make good use of financial support to help the rapid rise of biomedical industry enterprises ，so as to promote the high-quality development of biomedical industry in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area.

Analysis of the Implementation Status of the Classification Management Policies for Retail Pharmacies in Guangdong Province Based on Thematic Framework Analysis / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To provide assistance for the smooth implementation of classification management policies of retail pharmacies in Guangdong province and the scientific supervision of retail pharmacies by relevant departments. METHODS ：In this study，key interviews were conducted among 68 interviewees，involving experts from Guangdong drug regulatory department ，head of retail pharmacies and research experts on relevant policies of universities. The current situation ，problems and suggestions of the classification management policy of retail pharmacies in Guangdong province were summarized. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ： The implementation of the classification management policies for retail pharmacies in Guangdong province operated well. Drug regulatory authorities at all levels could conduct daily supervision in accordance with policy requirements. Retail pharmacies operated in strict accordance with the classification management policy and established a relatively complete quality management system. However ，there were still problems such as difficulty in policy implementation ，insufficient policy clarity ，increased regulatory pressure and regulatory risks from government regulatory agencies ，rising operating costs and increasing pressure in retail pharmacies，the large gap of licensed pharmacists ，difficult to investigate and deal with “affiliation of certificate ”behavior，and difficult survival for remote pharmacies ，and the impact on the convenience of drug use of the public. It is suggested to improve the content of the policy ，introduce related supporting measures ，strengthen the construction of the supervisory team ，increase policy publicity，improve the ways and methods to investigate and deal with the “affiliation of certificate ”behavior of licensed pharmacists， and help retail pharmacies to diversify their operations and chain operations. It is recommended that relevant government departments should further improve the content of the policy and actively adjust the supervision methods to make the policy better implemented.

Genetic Polymorphism and Forensic Application of 47 Autosomal InDel Loci in 5 Chinese Ethnic Groups / 法医学杂志

Objective To investigate the population genetic data of 47 autosomal insertion/deletion （InDel） polymorphism genetic markers involved in AGCU InDel 50 kit in Guangdong Han, Guangxi Zhuang, Guangxi Yao, Guangxi Jing, and Guangxi Mulam, and to evaluate their application in forensic DNA identification. Methods Multiplex amplification of the 768 unrelated individuals from the 5 ethnic groups mentioned above was performed with the AGCU InDel 50 kit. Genotyping was carried out by 3500xL gene analyzer, population genetic parameters were gathered and polymorphism analysis was performed. Results No linkage disequilibrium was found among 47 autosomal InDel loci in the 5 ethnic groups. The distribution of genotype frequency of 47 autosomal InDel loci confirmed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in Guangdong Han and Guangxi Zhuang. Except for rs139934789, the other 46 loci confirmed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in Guangxi Yao, Guangxi Jing, and Guangxi Mulam. The results of genetic variation analysis among the populations showed that 1.12% of genetic variation was caused by ethnic group differences. The cumulative discrimination power of 47 autosomal InDel loci for the 5 ethnic groups were all above 0.999 999 999 999 999. The cumulative probability of exclusion for each ethnic group was less than 0.999 9. The two Y-InDels were identified in all male individuals and were absent in all female individuals. Conclusion Except for rs139934789, the other 46 InDel loci have a relatively good genetic polymorphism in the 5 Chinese ethnic groups, and can be used for forensic individual identification and as effective supplements for paternity testing.

Evaluation on the Efficiency of Drug Safety Supervision in Guangdong Province Based on Super Efficiency DEA Model and Malmquist Index / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To evaluate the efficiency of drug safety supervision in Guangdong priovince and provide optimization suggestion for improving the construction of drug safety supervision system. METHODS ：Taking 21 cities in Guangdong province as samples ， the supervision input （supervision funds investment ， supervision and inspection of enterprises）-output（the rate of administrative penalty and qualified rate of sampling inspection ）data were collected from 2017 to 2018. Super-efficiency data envelopment analysis （DEA）model and Malmqusit index were used to analyze the efficiency of drug safety supervision from both static and dynamic point of view. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS ：In static efficiency evaluation ， average drug safety supervision super-efficiency DEA in Guangdong province was 0.810，and the overall efficiency of drug safety supervision was in the low level ；among different cities ，there were obvious differences in supervision efficiency ；DEA values of only 5 cities（Shenzhen，Zhanjiang，Shaoguan，Qingyuan，Yangjiang）were higher than 1 and had achieved relatively effective results，while those of remaining cities were all invalid. In dynamic efficiency evaluation ，average Malmqusit index of drug safety supervision in Guangdong province was 0.787，which was decreased by 21.30％ in 2018 than 2017；the level of drug safety supervision in the whole province was declining ，and the main reason for the decline in the efficiency of drug safety supervision was technical backwardness ；technical efficiency played a promoter role in supervision efficiency to a certain extent. It is suggested that the efficiency improvement of drug safety supervision should further optimize resource allocation ，strengthen the level of supervision technical innovation ，expand the supervision scale ，and coordinate regional regulatory balance according to local conditions，so as to improve the construction of drug safety supervision system in Guangdong province.

Current Situation and Improvement Suggestion of Traditional Chinese Medicine Policy in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE：To study the current situation of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）industry policy in Guangdong- Hong Kong-Macao greater bay area ，and to provide suggestions for the follow-up planning and layout. METHODS ：The content analysis method was used to code and measure the policy text of TCM industry in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao greater bay area issued by the central government and local government as of April 2020 from the perspective of policy tools. The current development focus and existing problems of the industry were summarized to put forward reasonable suggestion. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS：A total of 34 relevant policy texts were retrieved ，including 9 at the central government level and 25 at the local government level. In respective of essential policy tool ，the supply-oriented ，demand-oriented and environmental policy tools of TCM industry in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao greater bay area accounted for 58.10％，22.86％ and 19.05％，respectively. Among supply-oriented policy tools ，hardware construction accounted for 40.98％，internal communication for 26.23％，quality construction for 22.95％，and international exchange for 9.84％；there was no specific implementation rules and programs for policy tools ，which affect their operability. The demand-oriented policy tools included health service （75.00％），international trade （16.67％），service outsourcing （4.17％）and government subsidies （4.17％）；the use of the latter three approaches limited the openness of the industrial market. The environmental policy tools included target planning （40.00％），access rules （25.00％）， intellectual property （30.00％）and financing support （5.00％），but needed to improve the support of laws and regulations and relevant measures. In respective of the value chain of TCM industry ，34 policy texts showed 4 contents，including platform construction（36.19％），scientific and technological innovation （19.05％），market expansion （23.81％），exchange and cooperation （20.95％）；the lack of scientific and technological innovation and exchange and cooperation limited the standardization ， modernization and internationalization of TCM. It suggested to optimize the supply-oriented policy tools ，improve the operability of policies； pay attention to the demand-oriented and environmental policy tools ， highlight the role of marketization and standardization；pay attention to the integration of basic policy tools and industrial value chain ，and achieve the standardization ， modernization and international development of TCM in Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao greater bay area.

Predictive Value of Blood Eosinophil in Eosinophilic Chronic Rhinosinusitis with Nasal Polyps in Guangdong Adults / 中山大学学报(医学科学版)

@#【Objective】To investigate the predictive value of blood eosinophil in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps（eosCRSwNP）by analyzing the characteristics of eosCRSwNP adult patients in Guangdong Province， China.【Method】From Oct.2017 to Sep.2018，a total of 108 eosCRSwNP adult inpatients scheduled for surgery in Department of Otorhinolaryngology，Head and Neck Surgery，The Third Affiliated Hospital，Sun Yat-sen University were enrolled. They were divided into eosCRSwNP（n = 39） and non-eosCRSwNP（n = 69） group by the pathologic features. The demographic and clinical features were collected and compared.【Results】The eosCRSwNP group accounted for 36.1% while non-eosCRSwNP group accounted for 63.9% in our study. A higher prevalence of allergic rhinitis，asthma and higher blood IgE level，bilateral Lund-Mackay score of posterior ethmoid sinus，ethmoid to maxillary Lund-Mackay score ratio， peripheral blood eosinophil absolute count and percentage and peripheral blood basophil absolute count and percentage were found in eosCRSwNP patients. Only peripheral blood eosinophil absolute count and percentage were independent predictors of eosCRSwNP. The cutoff absolute value of 0.275×109/L demonstrated a sensitivity of 74.4% and a specificity of 72.5% while the cutoff relative value of 4.32% demonstrated a sensitivity of 74.4% and a specificity of 73.9%.【Conclusion】Non-eosCRSwNP was predominant in Guangdong. EosCRSwNP differs from non-eosCRSwNP in many clinical features，while peripheral blood eosinophil count and percentage were independent predictors of eosCRSwNP.

Analysis and Discussion on Quality Standard of TCM Preparation in Guangdong Provincial Medical Institution Preparation Specification / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE： To provide reference for perfecting the quality standard revision of TCM preparations in medical institutions， and improving the quality standard of TCM preparations in medical institutions. METHODS： By sorting out the quality standards of TCM preparations in Guangdong provincial medical institution preparation specification， this paper summarized the main problems and put forward suggestions for improvement. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS： There are 897 kinds of TCM preparations included in the Guangdong provincial medical institution preparation specification. The recent quality standards （2017 edition） have been greatly improved compared with those of the first edition （1985 edition）； however， there are still some problems in the overall quality control of preparations， quantitative control of indicative components， project specificity， source control of medicinal materials， control of medicinal materials not included in the Chinese Pharmacopoeia and quality standards of the same series of varieties. It is suggested that on the premise of considering both advancement and applicability， the quality control of the whole， local and toxic preparations of TCM hospitals should be strengthened， the detection methods with good specificity and reproducibility should be properly updated， the control of key parameters of production process should be strengthened， the quality standard of TCM preparations in medical institutions should be fully improved， so as to provide the products with safe， effective and controllable in quality products in medical institutions.